Biology 2201 – Test 1 Review for Chapters 1 and 2

1. Know all of the parts of a microscope and what each part does.
2. Know the microscope and cell theory question sheet.
3. Know the sheets given out on cell structures.
4. What 5 activities must cells carryout to remain alive?
5. List the 7 important molecules that cells require to carry out their life processes and functions. What are the functions of these 7 molecules?
6. Why is water such an important compound for cells?
7. Compare carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in terms of the elements that make them up.
8. On what basis are carbohydrates classified?
9. Give one example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide.
10. Compare the molecules starch, glycogen, glucose and cellulose in terms of the job each does in cells.
11. What is the function of cellulose in plants? What is cellulose also commonly called?
12. What are the smaller subunits of proteins called?
13. What two molecules make up lipids?
14. What group of biomolecules do enzymes belong to and why are enzymes important?
15. Name the two types of nucleic acids found in cells and know what each type does?
16. Compare Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids in terms of when they are used by animals for energy, and how good an energy source they are.
17. List the functions of the cell membrane.
18. What term is used to describe the structure of the cell membrane?
19. How many layers of phospholipids are in the cell membrane?
20. What is the main ingredient in a cell wall of a plant cell?
21. Cell membranes are selectively permeable; what is meant by selectively permeable and why is it important that membranes have this property?
22. Which of the following uses cell energy and which uses no cell energy? Passive or Active transport
23. What does concentration mean in a chemical sense? Relate concentration to how substances move during osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport and bulk transport.
24. Explain why oxygen gas usually moves into cells from the blood stream and why carbon dioxide usually moves leaves our cells and moves into the bloodstream.
25. “Diffusion limits the size of cells” Why?
26. Know what the following words mean and how to identify them: hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic, osmosis and diffusion.
27. What happens to plant cells and animal cells when they are placed in a hypertonic or hypotonic liquid compared to the cell.
28. How does facilitated diffusion differ from passive diffusion?
29. What is Brownian Motion and what processes does it “power” or provide energy for?
30. What is the advantage of facilitated diffusion over passive diffusion?
31. Are cells shrivelled or bursting when they experience lysis, crenation, plasmolysis or turgidity?
32. What cell type do lysis, crenation, plasmolysis or turgidity occur in?
33. Name the two types of transport proteins that are used in facilitated diffusion.
34. What are the four types of Active Transport called? What happens in each type?
35. What type of substances do carrier proteins move and what substances do channel proteins move?
36. Why do cells use active transport to move substances?
37. What happens in Bulk membrane transport?
38. What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
39. What are the two types of endocytosis and how do they differ?
40. Make a sketch to show what occurs in the process of phagocytosis.
41. What percentage of the energy our cells use is for performing active transport?
42. What is needed to have a concentration gradient?