Cell Parts (Organelles) Question Sheet (1)
Please see pages 25 and 32 in your textbook
1. The cell requires instructions in order to function correctly; where are these instructions found?
2. Amyloplasts
store starch in plants. Where would you
expect to find more amyloplasts, in a potato tuber
or a potato leaf? Explain.
Plants use sunlight energy to make sugars like starch.
Plants store most of their starch in the cells of their roots (the tuber). Amyloplasts are the special plant cell parts that starch is
stored in. Thus we would expect that
most amyloplasts would be found in the tuber/root of
a potato.
3. Describe the characteristic of
mitochondria that makes them well suited to their role in the cell.
Mitochondria are the power
plants of the cell. The surfaces in a
mitochondria are where the power generation occurs. More surface = More power
generation. The fact that mitochondria
have lots of folds in their inner surface mean they are well designed to
generate lots of power.
4. What is the function of the ER?
ER makes proteins, phospholipids
and packages things in vesicles.
5. Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus.
Golgi
Apparatus gets vesicles from the ER, finishes proteins and lipids, repacks
things in vesicles and makes lysosomes.
6. Why is it accurate to refer to lysosomes as "recycle bins"?
Lysosomes
breakup worn out cell parts so the raw materials can be reused in the cell.
7. What is the function of the
chloroplast?
Chloroplasts (found only in
plant cells) capture sunlight and use the energy to make starch.
8. By comparing a bee's body mass
to its wing span, it has been calculated that a bee should not be able to
fly. Cell biologists have since found that
the muscles that control the wings of the bee have a huge
number of mitochondria. Explain why this
discovery may help explain why bees are able to fly.
Mitochondria generate power for cells they are part
of. Lots of mitochondria means lots of
power can be generated. Thus the little
muscles in bees’ wings which have lots of mitochondria make enough power for
the bee to fly.
9. Cells of the stomach lining have
large numbers of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.
Explain why.
Making proteins uses
energy. Stomach cells contain lots of
mitochondria to provide all the energy to the golgi
apparatus so they can make all the proteins/digestive juices used in our
stomach.
10. A Biology 11 student has
observed an amoeba and made a drawing. You are marking the drawing and
notice that
he has drawn in a chloroplast. Do you take marks off or not? Explain.
An amoeba is an animal. Animals do not have chloroplasts in their
cells. Take off some marks.
11. What is the primary component
of the plant cell wall?
12. How does a cell membrane differ
from a cell wall? (2 ways)
Cell Membrane --two layers, made
mostly of phospholipids, squishy
Cell Wall -- one layer, made mostly of cellulose,
rigid / non squishy
13. Hormones are chemical
messengers throughout the body. Protein hormones attach themselves to
receptors
on the cell surface while fat-soluble hormones actually enter the cell. Account
for this
difference.
Like things mix freely with the
same material. i.e. water mixes with
water. So, a lipid hormone will mix
freely with the phospholipid membrane and move
through it easily, while a protein hormone is different and won't mix with the phospholipid membrane and will not get through the cell
membrane.
14. Describe the fluid mosaic model
of the cell membrane.
The Fluid Mosaic Model of the
Cell Membrane states that -- the cell membrane is like a sea of phospholipids
surrounding a cell. Proteins and sugars float and move all around the cell
membrane providing connections between the cell's surroundings and the inside
parts of the cell.
15. All but
one of the following cell parts are related in the function that they carry
out:
a) golgi bodies (b) endoplasmic reticulum(ER)
(c) vesicle (d) mitochondria
A) B) and C) are all involved in
the production and packaging of proteins.
Mitochondria are not directly involved in making proteins.
16. All except one of the following
is a difference between plant cells and animal cells:
(a)size of
vacuole (b)
the absence of the cell membrane in plant cells
(c) the
presence of plastids only in plant cells (d)
the presence of centrioles only in animal cells
B) is false because all cells
have a cell membrane.
17. The following two substances
can be found in the make up of plant cell walls:
a) lipids
and proteins (b) cellulose and
pectin (c) sugar and protein (d) starch and cellulose
You only need to know cellulose.
18. A double layer of phospholipid molecules with proteins embedded in the
phospholipids would best
describe the structure: a)golgi body (b) cell wall (c) cell membrane (d) vacuole
C) The cell
membrane.
19. The most likely place to find
(a) at the
ribosome (b) in the cytoplasm (c) in the nucleus (d) almost anywhere
20. The function of the lysosome is to:
(a) secrete materials for use outside the
cell (b) digest macromolecules making their parts more useful
(c) aid in the reproduction of the cell (d) provide the site for
photosynthesis
21. The plasma membrane is composed
of
(a) nucleic
acids and proteins (b)
starch and a double layer of protein
(c) sugar
and cellulose (d)
double layer of phospholipids and protein
D) Protein and a double layer of
phospholipids