Biology 2201 Review – Digestion

1. Be able to label a diagram of the human digestive system.

2. What is the difference between chemical digestion and mechanical digestion?

3. What are the 3 places that chemical digestion occurs at?

4. What is the importance of mechanical digestion to the overall digestive process?

5. Which organs are part of the alimentary canal and which ones are accessory organs?

6. Describe the mechanical digestive processes that occur in each of the following organs:

· Mouth

· Stomach

· Small intestine

7. What prevents food from entering the trachea/ windpipe? Explain.

8. What is peristalsis?

9. What is the function of the sphincter muscle found in the stomach?

10. What is acid reflux and how does it occur?

11. What are the three main regions of the small intestine? What occurs in the duodenum that does not occur in the other parts?

12. Why is the small intestine considered to be the most important organ of digestion?

13. What is the role of the microvilli and the villi found in the small intestine? Why is this an important adaptation in terms of absorption of nutrients?

14. How long is the small intestine? Why is the small intestine considered “small” and the large considered “large”.

15. What nutrients are absorbed into the blood capillaries in the villi?

16. What nutrients are absorbed into the lymphatic vessels in the villi?

17. What are the role/s of the following organs/structures to the digestive process:

· Salivary glands

· Liver

· Gall bladder

· Pancreas

18. Why can we live without a gallbladder?

18. For each of the following nutrients, state the molecules that they are chemically broken down into.

· Carbohydrates

· Proteins

· Fats

19. State the role of the following enzymes in the digestive process:

· Salivary amylase

· Pepsin

20. State the origin of each of the above enzymes and where they perform their functions.

21. Describe the structure of the large intestine.

22. State the functions of the large intestine.

23. Describe each of the following digestive disorders

· Ulcers, Crohn’s Disease, Gallstones, Colitis

24. What is the difference between a bolus, chyme, and feces?

25. Using examples from the movie watched in class, discuss whether or not you think that images portrayed in the media leads to a positive self image and a healthy lifestyle.

26. What are the 6 essential nutrients? What are the functions of each essential nutrient and where are they found?

27. From the demonstration on identifying essential nutrients, what reactions were used to tell the nutrients apart?

This review sheet is a highlight of important information. The test is scheduled for March _____, 2007.